The flowchart below illustrates how brake fern could be utilized in the remediation of arseniccontaminated soil. For instance, plant species like duckweed lemna gibba, water spinach ipomonea aquatica, and fern azolla pinnata have been reported to phytoremediate metals like boron, chromium, and man. And its potential for phytoremediation of arseniccontaminated soils by gina marie kertulistartar may 2005 chair. Technical note arsenic accumulation by two brake ferns growing on an arsenic mine and their potential in phytoremediation chaoyang wei, tongbin chen institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, chinese academy of sciences, 11a datun road.
Phytoremediation raising of seedlings flow chart shows the process of phytoremediation using chinese brake fern. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. A field study was conducted to determine the efficiency of chinese brake fern pteris vittata l. Arsenic accumulation in the hyperaccumulator chinese brake. Compared with other plant species reported for phytoremediation of crvi. Some plants like the brake fern are excellent for phytoremediation because they naturally tolerate contaminants and grow quickly. The concept of using plants to clean up contaminated sites is not new. On average, fern shoot arsenic concentrations were as high as 20 times the soil arsenic concentrations under field conditions. In this 30wk study, three frondharvesting regimes all, mature, and senescing fronds and two waterrefilling schemes to compensate for evapotranspiration highas water of 140180. The brake fern possesses many of the desired characteristics for phytoremediation, such as high biomass production, a quick growth rate, easy propagation, and a perennial life cycle christen, 2001.
Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. Effect of phytoaccumulation of arsenic and chromium on structural. Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to cleanup contaminated. The result obtained from the treated soil were analyzed. Chinese brake fern 5 000 ferns in 10 different areas remedy phytoremediation with brake ferns was used to treat soil in area 2, which was not accessible to excavators. Understanding the mechanisms involved in arsenic tolerance and accumulation of this plant provides valuable tools to improve the phytoremediation efficiency. Examples of phytoextraction from soils arsenic, using the sunflower, or the chinese brake fern, a hyperaccumulator. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Scientists collected brake fern plants from several uncontaminated sites and then planted them in pots containing soil.
Plants were grown in rhizoboxes filled with soil containing 2270 mg kg1 as. Environews archives chinese brake fern a potential. Agely a, sylvia d, ma lq 2005 mycorrhizae increase arsenic uptake by the hyperaccumulator chinese brake fern. Brake fern plants grown in the laboratory were transferred to 2.
Biogeochemist lena ma of the university of florida first identified the brake ferns potential when she discovered it growing on an abandoned, arsenicladen wood preservation site. Phytotoxicity and phytoaccumulation of trivalent and. Added a very mild nitrogen based fertilizer, slowrelease formula, and put a little. Dissolved organic carbon doc concentrations in rhizosphere soil solution. Recently discovered ashyperaccumulator ferns hold promise for phytoremediation of aspolluted soils.
Sharon doty, in plant biotechnology and agriculture, 2012. Finally, a matrix is also provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. Potted plants of brake fern were exposed to metal treatments of as and cr for. Effect of phytoaccumulation of arsenic and chromium on. As an emerging hopeful technology, phytoremediation for using in management and remediation of contaminated soils has its advantages and limitations.
It can extract arsenic from soil even where the level is low, for example 6 ppm, which is normal for many soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phytoextraction by chinese brake fern pteris vittata l. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated paddy soils with pteris vittata markedly reduces arsenic uptake by rice wenling yea,b, m. Monitoring the effects of arsenic and chromium accumulation in. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Chinese brake ferns pteris vittata were used to extract arsenic. Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil. This guide provides abstracts of over 100 phytoremediation overviews, field studies and demonstrations, research articles, and internet resources. Arsenic accumulation by two brake ferns growing on an arsenic mine and their potential in phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil using. Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated paddy soils with.
It increases the surface area of the plan roots, allowing roots to acquire more nutrients, water and therefore more available radionuclides in soil solution. The unique property of arsenic hyperaccumulation by the newly discovered chinese brake pteris vittata l. Remediation of soils contaminated with trace metals. The chinese ladder fern pteris vittata, also known as the brake fern, is a highly efficient accumulator of arsenic. This method is less destructive than conventional methods, and can possibly lead to improved soil conditions meuser 20. One study focused on using chinese brake ferns and indian mustard brassica juncea to phytoremediate a soil contaminated with arsenic and lead pb salido et al. The fronds of pteris vittata, or brake fern, can be clipped or the entire plant can be dug.
Based on 2,5 years of field experiment, phosphate rock was an effective amendment in increasing plant biomass and arsenic uptake by chinese brake fern. Phytoremediation of arseniccontaminated soils using. Phytoremediation is a term for insitu remediation techniques that use plants for treating polluted soils or water. Develop a format that is accessible to epa and state regulators and others who need to evaluate alternate remedial technologies, as well as to site owners, project. A largescale hydroponic system to phytoremediate arseniccontaminated groundwater using pteris vittata chinese brake fern was successfully tested in a field. Characterization of an ecotype of brakefern, pteris vittata, for. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. About 300 years ago, plants were proposed for use in the treatment of waste water. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Pdf the use of ferns in phytoremediation researchgate. Mcgratha, fangjie zhaoa, arothamsted research, harpenden, hertfordshire al5 2jq, uk b school of earth and space sciences, university of science and technology of china, hefei, anhui 230026, china. First place student essay phytoremediation of contaminated.
Pdf phytoextraction of arsenic contaminated soil by. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b. Hm 2 hm hm hm 1 hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm phytoremediation is a lowcost, environmentallyfriendly technology for cleansing soil contaminated with heavy metal. We investigated changes in the rhizosphere characteristics of pteris vittata chinese brake fern relevant for its use in phytoextraction. The most positive characteristics are that phytoremediation is a natural and in study on application of phytoremediation technology in management and remediation of contaminated soils. A company called edenspace sells several varieties of brake fern commercially under the name edenfern, including one, the arctic, which is bred to withstand cooler temperatures. Arsenic accumulation by two brake ferns growing on an. Arsenic uptake and phytoremediation potential by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi xinhua he and erik lilleskov 16. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs the use of plants for clearing the contaminated sites.
The discovery of the arsenic hyperaccumulator, pteris vittata chinese brake fern, has contributed to the promotion of its application as a means of phytoremediation for arsenic removal from contaminated soils and water. Monts4,5 and yi su4 1 department of environmental science and technology, texas southern university, houston, tx 77004. Phytoremediation species chinese brake ferny 20,000 ferns planted the first year. Chelating agents ethylenediaminedisuccinic edds, and citric acid ca were used to aid the hyper accumulator to enhance quicker extraction rate. Chinese brake fern qualifies as an arsenic hyperaccumulator and thus has potential application in phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated sites. As such, this species has been a focus for use in phytoremediation. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up polluted soil and water resources has received. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. Research article open access morphology and ploidy. It was estimated that 8 years would be required to reduce the acidextractable portion of soil arsenic to safe levels 40 mgkg.
Plants can help clean many types of pollution, including metals, pesticides, explosives, and oil. Phytoremediation arsenic in soil, part iii march 22. On average, fern shoot arsenic concentrations were as high as 20 times the soil. Phytoremediation of arseniccontaminated groundwater using. In the case of arsenic contamination, pteris vittata chinese brake fern is a standard choice because it is an arsenic hyperaccumulator, which can. Phytoextraction of metals is mainly limited by low metal bioavailability in soil and. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Phytoremediation has been suggested as an effective and lowcost method to clean up contaminated soils salt et al. As willow has some specific characteristics like high transport capacity of heavy metals from root to shoot,huge amount of. As and cr accumulation in chinese brake fern pteris vitatta, and ii to search f.
Field and greenhouse experiments were performed to assess the performance of phytoremediation of arsenic and lead from contaminated soil at an epa superfund site barber orchard. Hm 2 hm hm hm 1 hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm phytoremediation is a lowcost, environmentallyfriendly technology. The chinese brake fern pteris vittataisanarsenic hyperaccumulator capable of storing arsenic in leaves up to 2. Effect of phytoaccumulation of arsenic and chromium on structural and ultrastructural changes of brake fern pteris vittata balaji b. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is an important process in the removal of heavy metals and contaminants from the soil and the environment. A hyper accumulator chinese brake fern pteria vittata was used with the additions of edds and ca at different ratios.
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